Everything You Need to Know About Fulani Braids: The Perfect Protective Style

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on Fulani braids, the perfect protective style that beautifully combines cultural heritage and modern trends. In this article, we will delve deep into the origins, unique features, and cultural significance of Fulani braids, giving you a complete understanding of this stunning hairstyle. From preparation and maintenance to trendy designs and care routines, we’ve got you covered with all the information you need to rock this versatile and stylish protective style. So, let’s embark on a journey to explore the world of Fulani braids and discover why they have become a beloved choice for many individuals seeking a chic and protective hairstyle.

What are Fulani braids, and where do they originate?

Fulani braids are a gorgeous hairstyle that is growing in popularity because they are versatile and protective in nature. Particularly for the people of the Fulani tribe, which is a semi-nomadic ethnic group in West Africa, these braids have a deep meaning. The hairstyles consist of cornrows that start from the front of the head and extend to the back and are tethered with beads and cowrie shells. Other key features include the braids being attributed to parts of Africa and wearing added embellishments alongside other African braid styles. To achieve and put on Fulani braids, it is necessary to take care of your hair by first moisturizing it and then untangling it to create a clean canvas. Additionally, the length of hair and how you style it will make your Fulani braiding experience go seamlessly. If you are looking to rock classic or trendy style, achieving either would be so much easier with Fulani braids, as there is a style for everyone.

The history and cultural significance of Fulani braids

According to what I know, the Fulani braids are also known as Fulani tribal braids and have earned a gentle reverence from the Fulani people. The Fulani people are also referred to as nomadic pastoralists and are known to span large regions of West Africa. For centuries, the Fulani people have worn these braids, which portray beauty, form an integral part of their identity, and serve as cultural artifacts. They have helped in layering the sense of community among them by depicting the age, marital status, and social standing of individuals. A distinguishing feature of Fulani braids is the central part, which has unique patterns adorned with cornrows. Additionally, beads, metallic accessories, and dire shells all capture the spirit of the culture. Kiss of the growth of globalization and internet empathy, this culture has been interwoven into many societies, and today, the Fulani braids have gained attention around the globe, not just for their look but their cultural folklore as well.

Identifying the unique features of Fulani tribal braids

I think today, there are countless styles of braiding that exist, and some have become more popular than others. The Fulani tribal braids are distinct, and it is fun and self-satisfying to look into such. These braids are recognized for their fine looks and have historical significance. It is time I share what I know.

To begin with, the signature mark of Fulani Braidstyle is having a central parting in the hair. This means that the hair begins in the forehead area and is separated into two different sections. This single parting is widely appealed due to its symmetrical appearance.

Fulani braids use cornrows, small rows of braids lying very close to the scalp, as a final touch to the lower portion of the braids. These serve as the base for more complex designs attached to the braids. The braids can have a range of designs, many simple geometric shapes, and some with only the imagination of the person doing the braiding constraining the style.

Decoratives are an additional unique feature of a Fulani braid. Braids may incorporate beads, cowrie shells, or metallic ornaments. These decorative items are a reminder of the art of the Fulani people and complement braids in a beautiful way. Also, they have cultural significance which makes them even more beautiful.

Apart from their beauty, Fulani braids have gained popularity along with the appreciation of African culture and history. They are an art of African heritage, proving that the African ethnic work with hair colors and styles tackles a still world with beauty, style, and pride.

How Fulani braids differ from other African braiding styles

What makes Fulani braids unique when compared to other African-styled braids? When it comes to braided hairstyles, the Illuminati Fulani braids have been known for their exceptional attributes that set them apart as part of the Fulani cultural heritage. Here are a few key ways in which Fulani braids differ from other African braiding styles:

To start with, Fulani braids products are prominent in their various designs and patterns. The most popular forms incorporate putting in a braid or a cornrow with the use of intricate braids on the sides of the foreheads. This braiding arrangement of being focal lets the woman keep her Deliverance center signature look and distinguishes them from other patterns.

Also, in some other cases, if it’s not ideal for shocking channels in monitoring braids, then the braids can be accentuated with beads, cowrie shells, or metallic rings. The embellishments and designs of the braids become enchanting due to their style and cultural relevance.

Furthermore, diners also find a deep-seated connection to the Fulani people situated in different regions of West Africa in relation to the cultural context that they offer. I believe that wearing Fulani braids is a style and preference that pays tribute to the unity and diversity that exists within Africa’s cultural spectrum.

For the most part, Fulani braids are distinctive because they excel in artistic grit in braiding and hair design which is a technique primarily exclusive to skilled braiders. As a whole, the Fulani braids stand out from all other African styles due to their artistic nature.

The Fulani braids allow a person to embrace their cultural roots while being modern with the way they dress as it allows them to exhibit assertiveness and confidence.

How do you prepare your hair for Fulani braids?

The biggest key to getting the Fulani braids right is preparing the hair. Here are some important considerations and steps:

1. Essential Hair Care Steps: Shampoo and condition your hair in order to remove any remaining products that were used. Use a leave-in conditioner that sufficiently hydrates both the scalp and the hair to avoid excessive dryness. Trim split ends and cut out damaged hair to maintain the integrity of your braids.
2. Choosing the Right Hair Type and Length: Several variations of Fulani braids can be done on different types of hair and different lengths. Always bear in mind Texture and Condition of your hair because using a wrong approach to making these kinds of braids can be damaging. Seeking a professional braider’s advice helps identify the most appropriate style to be used as well as the most suitable extensions should one wish to use them.
3. Tools and Products: Present to the braiding session the required tools and products that are needed for smoother application. These could include a wide tooth comb to detangle the hair, hair clips to section the hair, Moisturizing Ha Gel/Edge control product for smoothing the edges of the hair and hair ties or rubber bands to hold sections while braiding.

In wahtever step you choose to take, ensure that your hair is set and in the best condition it can be, this will allow for the jaw-dropping Fulani Braids that you desire. For more personalized options and needs remember to take the input of a professional braider before proceeding.

Essential hair care steps before getting Fulani braids

Forcing your hair into different-looking styles can take a toll on its health, and overall appearance; thus, initiating a well-thought-of prep is required. First of all, I lay some groundwork by deeply cleansing my hair with a moisturizing shampoo followed by a good quality conditioner. To remove any potential tangles, I use a wide-toothed comb, which greatly reduces the damage that traditional combs may cause, and I make sure to use a leave-in conditioner as well as a light hair oil to provide some hydration. Additionally, I get rid of any split ends so that the hair to be braided is clean. By doing all of these steps, I ensure that I can get Fulani Brads with my hair healthy and in good form.

Choosing the right hair type and length for Fulani braids

In regard to Multani braids, a few key things ought to be kept in mind in order to determine the type and the length of the hair. First and foremost among those factors is the braiding form of one’s natural hair. From straight to wavy to curly hair, Fulani braids can be done with any texture of hair. It is also to be noted that these braids are easily modifiable to suit shorter or longer hair, but longer hair does provide more styling opportunities.

But what if I only have shorter hair? I still want to have the Fula braids done, and rocking longer hair with thick Fula braids has always been a dream. If that’s you, there’s no need to fret, as you can easily achieve your ideal hairstyle with the use of hair extensions, which practically suffices for adding extra length and fullness. From texture to colors, hair extensions can be selected as per the desired look. But make sure that you always buy good quality hair extensions that match your hair texture for a perfect blend and look.

What hair extensions do is that they make the hair appear thicker: if that’s what you want then do keep in mind the thickness and density of the Fula braids. One can always seek assistance for specific complicated Fula kinds of braids. However, if lightweight and natural Fula braids are ideal that can be achieved with thinner braids.

In the end, the choice of hair type and length for the Fulani braids is a matter of taste and the style you wish to achieve. If you have concerns about your hairstyle, then talking to a professional hair stylist who knows how to braid professionally can help you a lot. Bear in mind that there exists a perfect hair type and length so you can wear beautiful and trendy Fulani braids that enhance your beauty.

Tools and products needed for Fulani braiding

Given my experience as a Fulani breed expert, I know just how crucial it is to have the right tools and products for a great styling session. In order to get perfect and beautiful Fulani braids, you will require the tools and products mentioned below:

1. Rat tail comb: A rat tail comb is necessary for creating clean parts and sections on your hair for ease during the braiding process.
2. Hair clips or bands: These will assist you in portioning some hair and keeping them out of the way of other hairs, thus allowing for a more straightforward braid.
3. Edge control or gel: Working around your hairline and edges with edge control gel or some other product will assist in controlling some of the stray hairs so that your braids will be nice and smooth.
4. Hair extensions: Because Fulani braids are frequently done with added hair pieces, ensure the threads you select are of high quality and color match your own hair for smooth integration.
5. Braiding hair: For an original style, don’t forget to use some Kanekalon. It provides great braiding hair that would suit your own hair for a traditional appearance, and it is nice and easy to work with and quite strong, allowing for good Fulani braids to be made.
6. Jewelry and other sorts of embellishments: This type of hairstyle, Fulani Braids, gives you a chance to stand out by using jewelry. You may select beads that fit your sense of style, so be imaginative and get your favored color or pattern.

You will have everything around you to style and enhance your beauty by learning your braiding partner to make beautiful & stylish Fulani hairstyles on you. Be there to practice & and practice further with braid stylists to perfect the art.

What are the most popular Fulani braid designs in 2024?

What Fulani braid styles are trending in 2024? The Bolivian braids extension has become all the rage for invading fashion trends, and for a good reason, 2024 is going to be no different – expect more creative Fulani hairstyles to dominate the scene. In 2024, a lack of reinvention of hair is next to impossible, so here’s presenting Fulani braids designers to watch out for :

1. Cornrowed Fulani Braids: Notable accessories are often incorporated alongside this hair braiding style, which is a much more intricate design built onto the scalp using close-spaced-together cornrow braids.
2. Fulani Braids with Geometric Patterns: This style incorporates multiple modernizing elements such as chevrons and triangles, simultaneously giving the hairstyle a striking visual aesthetic and movement.
3. Twisting in some braids alongside the braiding adds an extra layer of depth and texture to the hairstyle, allowing the look to stand out and truly be more unique rather than just eye-catching.
4. Half-Up, Half-Down Fulani Braid: The fully braided braids cover the jaw and maintain both order and free movement, while the remaining hairs rest by the neck and are allowed to nap lightly.
5. Beaded Fulani Braids: Bead accents continue to be a great visual addition to beautify Fulani braids, making the whole braid look more appealing. Experiment with different colors and sizes of beads to make the style more your own.

These most beloved styles also exhibit the way Fulani braids are evolving and how people can be more artistic and fashionable while paying respect to the traditions that surround this magnificent hairstyle.

Trendy Fulani braid patterns and variations

I’m a Fulani braids stylist and over my career, I have seen a plethora of beautiful patterns and variations. Creativity has no bounds while working on Fulani braids and by utilizing several elements of art, you can achieve breathtaking looks.The style is also very artistic as you combine your own style whilst respecting the cultural significance of the hairstyle by blending different techniques together.

One new trend that’s on a rapid rise is the use of braids along with other accessories such as beads. Beads can be woven into braids enhancing the hairstyle’s overall aesthetic and adding little extras of appeal and depth. Using different types of beads lets you save and modify your style completely as per your needs.

Also, different lengths and textures of hair can be worked on by Fulani braids. Whether long, medium, or short, no matter what you have, there are braid patterns and styles that can cater to you whether you want a more complex or simpler approach. No matter the style, everything looks gorgeous, from the patterns that incorporate twists to the understated pieces.

Giving your Fulani braids some extra attention is important if you want them to look fresh. Implementing a daily maintenance schedule is recommended to keep any Fulani braids clean. This of course would involve some conditioning, moisturizing of the braids and even some gentle shampooing.

While you sleep or while playing sports it’s better to not rub your braids too much and attempt to keep them together. For this reason it is a good idea to use a satin or silk scarf when you go to bed and tie your hair back into a braid while exercising.

When removing the braids, gently pull at them as yanking them may damage your natural hair. It may be best to consult a professional stylist to assist in pulling the braids off without breaking the hair.

There are several factors affecting labor and material costs. The process of installing Fulani braids can vary in time; this is dependent on the selected style, the length and thickness of your hair, and the stylist’s skill. On average, it takes a few hours or more to complete the braid installation. If you look at the hair braid prices as a form of trade, these rates seem to vary with factors such as the location, the stylist’s status, and the complexity of the required style. In this case, it is advisable to talk to a specialist about the specifics of the cost.

Incorporating beads and other accessories into Fulani braids

In my opinion, Fulani beads and other appendages give this classic hairstyle an artistic look and cultural influence. Beads can add a lot of beauty to the braids by being added to them at different points at many different angles. They come in various shapes, sizes, and materials, which makes them convenient to customize. In braiding, the usual practice is for the individual who is braiding to add a loop at the end of a piece of hair with the bead before continuing with the braid. Wherever the beads are placed, or the number of beads used can differ if you want little bead accents or heaps of them. Apart from adding greater attractiveness to Fulani braids, it can also be pleasing when wearing them, given the sound produced when the beads clink together. Even more, you can add cowrie shells, ribbons, or metal cuffs to make a unique statement and allow your Fulani braids to stand out. Talk to your stylist before the braiding session about your preferred accessories and bead styles to be sure that they will be taking care of them.

Fulani weaves for different hair lengths and weave textures.

According to what I know, Fulani weaves can be one and the same in the sense that they can be suited for varying lengths of hair ranging from long, medium, and short hair to different hair tresses. Achieving an amazing Fulani braid that matches the other hairstyles is limitless for long- and short-haired individuals. The catch remains in a proficient stylist who possesses the ability to alter the weaving technique based on the client’s braids. These professionals pay close attention to the specifications of the client’s nutritional features, like the ones that comprise natural curl, density, thickness, and structure, able to achieve optimum engineered bridges. Through creating customized sizes and tensions, a balanced amount can be created to foster smooth and equally pleasing ends to the bridges. One of the most pivotal aspects of appropriately and satisfactorily wearing durable Fulani braids consists of appropriate weaving maintenance practices and routines.

How do you maintain and care for your Fulani braids?

Maintaining and caring for your Fulani braids is essential to ensure their longevity and keep your hair healthy. Here are some key points to consider:

Daily care routine for long-lasting Fulani braids:

• Gently cleanse your scalp and braids with a diluted sulfate-free shampoo, focusing on the roots and scalp.
• Apply a lightweight leave-in conditioner or hair oil to moisturize your scalp and braids, helping to prevent dryness and breakage.
• Avoid excessive manipulation and friction that can cause frizz or damage to your braids.
• Protect your braids by wearing a satin or silk scarf or using a satin pillowcase while sleeping to minimize friction and prevent moisture loss.

Protecting Fulani braids while sleeping and exercising:

• Before going to bed, loosely gather your braids into a loose bun or pineapple style to prevent tangling and frizz.
• Use a moisture-locking spray or lightweight oil to maintain hydration during exercise, and tie your braids in a ponytail or braid to minimize movement and frizz.

When and how to remove Fulani braids safely:

• It is recommended to keep Fulani braids for 6-8 weeks to prevent hair breakage and damage.
• To remove your braids, carefully unravel them starting from the ends and use a detangling spray or conditioner to ease the process. Avoid pulling or forcefully removing the braids, as this can cause hair breakage.

Remember, proper maintenance and care are crucial for the health of your hair and the longevity of your Fulani braids. By following these guidelines, you can enjoy beautiful and well-preserved braids throughout their lifespan.

Daily care routine for long-lasting Fulani braids

To ensure the durability of Fulani braids, there is an essential and vigorous routine that focuses on daily maintenance. Here’s a breakdown to aid in maintaining the braids and keeping them in excellent condition:

1. Moisturize Regularly: Moisturizing the braids and the scalp once a day would suffice due braids having a persistent risk of being dry and getting easily broken. Applying non greasy moisturizing oils or even sprays would keep the braided hair refreshed and well conditioned.
2. Cleanse Gently: Exfoliating the braids on a regular basis would help in retaining freshness along with preventing any accumulation of residue. Mixing the Sulfate-free shampoo with water in a spray bottle would allow for easier application, aside from this head massages and rinsing the hair further help in the cleansing process. One thing to keep in mind is to not be too aggressive on the head while cleaning, as it may end up damaging the braids.
3. Avoid Excessive Manipulation: To make sure the braids don’t have frizz, breaks, or any damage one has to reduce any physical interactions such as pulling or touching, if styling is needed, then the aim has to be to gently pull apart the braids along with using a wide tooth comb.
4. Protect Your Braids at Night: In an attempt to eliminate friction while sleeping, wearing silk, or satin scarves along with satin silk pillowcases would reduce moisture loss which in turn would help in reducing frizz.
5. Pamper Scalp: Give your scalp the required attention it needs by massaging your scalp with a light oil or serum. Apply it gently on itchy areas and work it around which can improve blood flow and hydrate your scalp.

With the focus thinking of the warm care you grant the Fulani braids, they can easily remain clean, simple and beautifully colored during their lifespan. But a word of caution: if you want to keep your hair healthy and your braids’ style longer, you need to take good care of them.

Protecting Fulani braids while sleeping and exercising

To maintain the quality and life expectancy of your Fulani braids, it is important to make some extra effort to sleep and exercise. To help you with these activities, we have compiled some information to save your braids:

• Sleeping: In order to lessen friction and avoid frizz, it is best to cover your braids with a satin or silk scarf prior to sleep. You may also consider getting a satin or silk pillowcase; these pillows also help prevent pare loss and maintain your style.
• Exercising: While doing exercise it is important to always remove braids to avoid sweating too much and tangling. An option would be to pull your braids back in a loose bun or low ponytail thus they would be less exposed to sweating, also try a sweat absorbing headband or scarf which would protect your braids by soaking the moisture without messing with them.

So ensuring the above practices, especially while sleeping and exercising, you would be able to maintain your Fulani braids in a neat and well-kept manner for a long period of time, making it easy to manage and flaunt them in the later years.

When and How to Remove Fulani Braids Safely

Extracting Fulani braids requires discretion, as leaving them on for an extended period can potentially harm your natural hair. The broad guideline I’ve come up with is keeping them on for at most 6-8 weeks; this differs, however, depending on the state of the braids and the hair growth rate.

The foolproof methods I’ve devised for removing Fulani braids are:

1. Gathering Materials: You will need a wide-toothed comb, hair conditioner or oil, and a pair of scissors in case you need to chop off the extensions.
2. Ready for Detangling: Use the wide-toothed comb to start the detangling process. Focus on the ends of the hair and slowly work your way up to the roots.
3. Conditioning: To reduce the amount of breakage during the removal procedure, make use of a good conditioner or hair oil beforehand.
4. Unravel: Be careful when unraveling the hair so you do not rip or damage your natural hair, which can lead to a lot of unnecessary pain.
5. Moisturizing: Using a conditioner or deep conditioner after removing all the braids will help keep your hair nourishing and moisturizing.

Bear in mind that if you are hesitant or doubtful about taking off your Fulani braids on your own, it is always advisable to contact a professional hair stylist who is skilled at removing braids.

How long does it take to install Fulani braids and how much do they cost?

The duration for wearing Fulani braids is not absolute, there is a possibility for variance in time spent to wear the braids because of the intricacy of the style, the size and range of one’s natural hair, and the skill of the stylist. However, it is common for one to take 3 to 6 hours to wear the braids. It is advisable to set aside more than the expected duration and make sure the environment feels nice during the time spent braiding.

In terms of the area, the class of the stylist, the reputation and experience of the stylist and the detail of the desired style to be braiding may alter the estimated price of hiring a professional rebuilder for Fulani braiding. However, on an approximate, it can cost between 150 to 400 dollars or even higher. The most accurate and tailored prices to your expectation can be obtained from local braiders and hair salons.

If you believe you can master the technique and have the required tools available alongside taking care of your hair’s health, then you can make Fulani braids at home. However, it’s safe to say that those who wish to spend less or enjoy a DIY approach will definitely like this option. While taking this approach, make sure you gather the right equipment and check up on videos to learn the techniques required to get the results you’re looking for.

How the time it takes to install Fulani braids is affected

Installation timelines for Fulani braids are never set in stone as there are various factors that come into play. The chosen style, thickness and length, and the stylist’s skill set all greatly impact the process. It’s fair to say that if you’re opting for intricate patterns with smaller braids, then the time it takes to fully install would go up in comparison to simple designs. Moreover, even the texture of your hair can have an effect on the time it takes, as the braiding process itself requires your hair to be detangled and prepped. To get a clear-cut estimate of time, you should consult a professional stylist as they better understand the requirements.

Firstly, are you familiar with the costs involved with going to a professional who does Fulanis? You might want to be ready to fork out between $150 to about $400 or more. Just like any other profession, you will have to consider location, reputation, experience, and relative skill to comprehend the general charge. Just like any other hairstyle, there is a lot that goes into braiding, ensure you talk to a local stylist to get an estimate based on your area and the specific style that you desire as its all relative.

Someone cutting your hair is entirely different from styling it yourself. Suppose you’re looking for a more wallet-friendly approach. Well, you can always try out DIY Fulani brads, but be warned, this option can cost you more in hassle. Try looking for useful tool kits and fold your hair in braids accordingly. America’s thriving craft scene boasts numerous YouTube tutorials, so that would be a useful place to start. Moreover, the time it takes for the elaborate hairstyle to be set entirely depends on how skilled you are; it can take hours on end if you are inexperienced. The condition of your hair also plays a major role, as dry and rough hair takes longer to set.

Average cost range for professional Fulani braiding services

As a skilled expert in Fulani braiding, I have gathered enough expertise on the prices and treatment range of professional Fulani braiding services. The price ranges from $150 to $400 or even more depending on the style of the braids, the breadth, length, and texture of the hair, as well as the level of skill and the reputation of the designer salon. To ensure you get the most accurate price information, you should consult professional hairstylists and salons within their vicinity. The experts will further, with regard to your particular situation, provide you with a more realistic price projection for professional Fulani braiding.

After examining the above, let us proceed to discuss the rather vexing question of whether it is feasible to conduct Fulani braids in the comfort of one’s home. While it might be feasible to try out the Fulani braids as something on the do-it-yourself side, I would like to stress the fact that one will need to have sufficient mastery of the braiding skill and the tools. Doing research on tutorials on gathering the appropriate materials and taking time are all necessary steps to achieve the targeted results. Consideration will need to match a hair’s health and condition to facilitate braiding and avoid hair damage. The time taken to achieve the end results on the do-it-yourself Fulani braids will take longer than the professional services for those who are new to braiding and have minimal experience. As a result, it is crucial to assess the savings with respect to the time spent, effort employed, and possible factors before going ahead and getting Fulani braids at home.

DIY Fulani braids: Is it possible to do them at home?

References

Hairstyle
Braid
Fula people

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: What are Fulani braids, and how do they relate to other protective styles?

A: Fulani braids are a traditional African hairstyle originating from the Fulani people. They are a type of protective style, similar to box braids, that helps maintain black hair. This style has gained popularity on platforms like Pinterest and TikTok, becoming a trendy fashion statement in recent years.

Q: How long do Fulani braids typically last?

A: Fulani braids can last anywhere from 4 to 6 weeks, depending on how well you maintain them. This makes them an excellent protective style for black hair, allowing you to go a long time between appointments. However, it’s important not to keep them in for too long to avoid damaging your natural hair.

Q: Are there any Fulani braid ideas that are trending on Pinterest for 2024?

A: Yes, Pinterest is a great source for Fulani braid inspiration. Trending ideas for 2024 include colorful Fulani braids, heart-shaped parts, and Fulani braids with beads. You can explore by touch on the Pinterest app to see more ideas and related interests like knotless braids and other protective styles.

Q: How do Fulani braids compare to box braids?

A: While both are protective styles for black hair, Fulani braids and box braids have some differences. Fulani braids typically feature a unique cornrow pattern along the center of the head, with loose braids hanging down. Box braids, on the other hand, are parted into small squares all over the head. Fulani braids often incorporate beads and cowrie shells, giving them a more decorative appearance.

Q: Are there any video tutorials available for learning how to do Fulani braids?

A: Yes, there are numerous video tutorials available on platforms like YouTube and TikTok. These videos can guide you through the process of creating Fulani braids, from parting the hair to adding beads. Whether you’re a beginner or looking to perfect your technique, these tutorials can be incredibly helpful.

Q: How should I care for my Fulani braids to make them last longer?

A: To make your Fulani braids last, wrap your hair in a silk or satin scarf at night to reduce friction. Keep your scalp clean and moisturized, but avoid over-washing. You can use a leave-in conditioner to keep the braids looking fresh. Also, be gentle when styling to avoid putting too much stress on your edges.

Q: Can Fulani braids be done on all hair types?

A: While Fulani braids are traditionally associated with black hair, they can be adapted for various hair types and textures. However, they tend to hold best on coarser hair textures. If you have fine or straight hair, you might need to use additional products or techniques to help the braids stay in place.